{"id":1357,"date":"2021-03-31T17:37:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T12:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/?page_id=1357"},"modified":"2021-07-07T16:01:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T10:31:12","slug":"tree-understory-vegetation-dynamics-in-a-tropical-dry-forest","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/tree-understory-vegetation-dynamics-in-a-tropical-dry-forest\/","title":{"rendered":"Tree-Understory Vegetation Dynamics in a Tropical Dry Forest"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1357\" class=\"elementor elementor-1357\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e97632d elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"e97632d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9cf2ea6\" data-id=\"9cf2ea6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff11011 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff11011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tree-Understory Vegetation Dynamics in a Tropical Dry Forest<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25359ae elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25359ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9956422\" data-id=\"9956422\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9599565 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9599565\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-eea7b7c elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"eea7b7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db92d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"db92d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture65-e1617713655704.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-727\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture65-e1617713655704.jpg 727w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture65-e1617713655704-600x421.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture65-e1617713655704-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bcf44b elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6bcf44b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48414a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48414a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Human mediated deviations in natural disturbance dynamics and browsing regimes can strongly impact forest understory vegetation. Often such conditions favor a small set of species to increase in density and cover, and form a persistent layer of mono-dominant understory. Dense understory strata, characterized by low diversity, once established are resistant to displacement by other species and remain intact for multiple decades. Such recalcitrant understory layers confer strong bottleneck to tree regeneration and growth of tree species with a potential to alter post-disturbance forest succession. It is understood that forest vegetation structure provides a visible reference of the status of forest ecosystems and any alterations therein has implications to terrestrial carbon dynamics and the ecosystem services derived. Therefore, novel structures formed by mono-dominant understory layers under current disturbance dynamics may reduce the carbon storage potential of native forests and aid in forest transitions from high productive to low productive system states. However, it is unclear if the recalcitrant layers form an alternative stable or a transient forest ecosystem state, catalyze or drive ecosystem change, under prevailing disturbance regimes. In addition, it is unclear if they are self-sustaining by providing strong interference to tree development or perpetuate with help of continued browsing and frequent fires.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e3e049 elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2e3e049\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1130c4e elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1130c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-548a958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"548a958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Very few studies made an attempt to understand the role of understory vegetation layersin forest state dynamics and the ecological processes involved in their persistence.An insight into the mechanisms through which understory layers are maintained and affect forest communities is essential to provide effective forest management strategies.Within this context, it is observed that tropical dry forests of Amrabad Tiger Reserve held extensive stands of <em>Phoenix loureiroi<\/em>and<em>Lantana camara<\/em>in the understory strata. <em>Phoenix loureiroi<\/em> is a native date palm species capable of propagating through vegetative clones and<em>Lantana camara<\/em>is a thicket forming exotic invasive species. While the negative impact of <em>Lantana camara<\/em> on native tree regeneration has been well documented, effects of understory layer formed by <em>Phoenix loureiroi<\/em> is still unknown. Typically, ATR hosts a mosaic of savanna and tropical dry forest ecosystems. However, human interference in the reserve through annual summer fires, domestic cattle grazing, fuel wood and timber collection etc., may have led to formation of these understory layers in the past. Current study is initiated to understand long-term impacts of <em>Phoenix loureiroi<\/em>, <em>Lantana camara<\/em>and natural grass understory on tree productivity and performance at ATR, with the following key objectives:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c640ec elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7c640ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Assess understory effects on tree seedling recruitment, adult tree growth and carbon sequestration.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Assess understorybiomass and contribution to carbon sequestration.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Understand factors favorable for dense understory layers of native Phoenix loureiroi palms and Lantana camara.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42f5958 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"42f5958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:200,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d992 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ca7d992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-819x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-237\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-scaled-600x750.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/pexels-fahad-hussain-3037435-scaled.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d977ce elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d977ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e764a55\" data-id=\"e764a55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-72d9e9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72d9e9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1077ca elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"c1077ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3faccd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3faccd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture69-e1617713673926.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-729\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture69-e1617713673926.jpg 767w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture69-e1617713673926-600x439.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Picture69-e1617713673926-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-830c16f elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"830c16f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5156666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5156666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Toward this, nine 1-hectare permanent vegetation monitoring plots were laid within the reserve, three each in understory types being studied. All trees in the plots were tagged and measured following international protocols, to study tree growth and regeneration. Ten random 10 m<sup>2<\/sup> sub-plots were laid within each plot, where all the understory stems were tagged and measured, to follow the growth of understory vegetation. All measurements are being taken seasonally to account for seasonal variations in plant growth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f01cc8 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f01cc8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c8c5ee\" data-id=\"3c8c5ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeeedb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeeedb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c3af022\" data-id=\"c3af022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20e13d elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c20e13d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CONTACT US TODAY<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4100268 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4100268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get In Touch With Us<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e7f29d elementor-button-align-stretch elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"6e7f29d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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Often such conditions favor a small set of species to increase in density and cover, and form a persistent layer of mono-dominant understory. Dense understory strata, characterized by low diversity, once [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1357","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1357\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amrabadtigerreserve.com\/te\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}